4/21/2024 0 Comments Concrete block wall construction![]() (2016) and Nandha Kumar and Suribabu (2017) apply evolutionary algorithms. (2012) use a gravitational search in the context of particle swarm optimization, whereas Gandomi et al. (2011) employ a Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization algorithm, Khajehzadeh et al. For example, for cantilever retaining walls, Camp and Akin (2012) and Kaveh et al. Numerical design optimization has already been applied to a variety of geotechnical applications, including the design of piled foundations ( Chan et al., 2009), underground excavations ( Ren et al., 2014), and rock bolt design ( Nguyen et al., 2015), mostly based on genetic algorithms and simplified design methods. Therefore, the question arises whether numerical optimization techniques could yield similar or better, more economic designs, at the same time reduce engineering costs. This traditional design approach, with manual iterations based on engineering judgement, is laborious and time consuming. Block quay walls are characterized by permeable joints, providing drainage that results in little or no water pressure differences over the wall.Ī traditional design of block quay walls is based on manual iterations, governed by ultimate limit states (ULS) that require sufficient safety against failure mechanisms such as sliding, overturning or loss of bearing capacity of the foundation soil ( de Gijt and Broeken, 2013). ![]() ![]() The blocks are commonly prefabricated near the construction site, and stacked using construction cranes. Block quay walls reach typical retaining heights of up to 30 m and can be both constructed in dry conditions, or by placing blocks under water. While block walls use a lot of material, they are commonly used as a retaining wall in the case of rocky subgrades that are characterized by a large bearing capacity, and where soil penetrating constructions such as combi-walls, sheet piling, or slurry walls are difficult or impossible to install ( de Gijt and Broeken, 2013). Furthermore, the influence of the different construction stages is studied, demonstrating the practicality of the proposed automated design procedure.īlock walls are gravity retaining walls that consist of unreinforced prefabricated concrete blocks. The resulting designs obtained with the automated design procedure satisfy all design requirements, and have a realistic layout. Block walls consisting of rectangular blocks and chamfered blocks are optimized. During all construction stages, the block wall has to be stable, which imposes additional construction constraints. This includes global ULS requirements that apply to the block wall as a whole, and internal ULS requirements to consider sliding and overturning of separate blocks. The design checks for a block quay wall are first explained in detail. In order to optimize block quay walls, we developed an automated design procedure in the framework of gradient-based optimization, accounting for the various ULS and construction constraints encountered in engineering practice. This design process can be laborious, while the resulting designs comprise a large volume of concrete. ![]() In addition, the designer should consider stability during the different construction stages of the block wall, referred to as construction constraints. A traditional design of block quay walls is based on manual design iterations, envisaging sufficient safety against ultimate limit states (ULS) such as sliding, overturning or loss of bearing capacity of the foundation soil. 3Architectural Engineering Section, Department of Architecture, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgiumīlock walls, consisting of stacked unreinforced prefabricated concrete blocks, are commonly used for the construction of quay walls in the presence of rocky subgrades.2Engineering Department, BESIX, Brussels, Belgium.1Structural Mechanics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.Stijn Francois 1 * Louis Lesage 1 Hans Verbraken 1,2 Mattias Schevenels 3 ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |